Provided are a flocculation control method and apparatus based on agglomeration theory, an electronic device, and a medium. The flocculation control method includes the following: the feed volumetric concentration and the liquid phase viscosity of a thickener are acquired, and a ratio of volume of flocs containing bound water to volume of all flocs is determined based on feed volumetric concentration; current floc settling velocity in the thickener is determined based on the feed volumetric concentration, the ratio of the volume of the flocs containing bound water to the volume of all the flocs, and the liquid phase viscosity; target floc settling velocity is determined based on feed volumetric concentration, underflow volumetric concentration of the thickener, and solid flux per unit area per unit time; and in response to current floc settling velocity being less than N times target floc settling velocity, the feed volumetric concentration of the thickener, the additive amount of a flocculant, or the agitation rate is adjusted, where N > 1. Accurate control can be performed on flocculation agglomeration and the settling process in combination with the feed volumetric concentration of the thickener, the additive amount of the flocculant, or the agitation rate, providing guidance and basis for achieving the optimal agglomeration effect.