A method for green and low-cost extraction of nickel-cobalt from laterite nickel ore includes the following steps: (1) iron removing pretreatment: adding an iron removing agent to the high-pressure leaching solution of the laterite nickel ore to reduce the iron concentration to less than 0.2 g/L to obtain a laterite nickel ore leaching solution; (2) nickel adsorption: adsorbing and enriching nickel in the laterite nickel ore leaching solution using a first resin adsorption process to obtain a nickel adsorption resin and a nickel adsorption tail liquid; wherein the nickel adsorption resin is desorbed to obtain a crude nickel solution; (3) cobalt adsorption: subjecting the nickel adsorption tail liquid to cobalt adsorption and enrichment by a second resin adsorption process and to obtain a cobalt solution by desorbing; (4) copper adsorption: subjecting the crude nickel solution to a third resin adsorption process for removing copper to obtain a purified nickel solution. The process of the disclosure is green, environmentally friendly, has a short process flow, saves the consumption of a large number of reagents, reduces the comprehensive recovery cost of nickel and cobalt, and can greatly reduce the amount of water in the process of purifying a nickel sulfate solution by removing copper through a resin, thus improving the production efficiency.